Canada’s population fell by a record 76,068 people in the third quarter of 2025, the largest decline since Statistics Canada began tracking population data in 1946.
According to new federal data, the drop was driven mainly by a sharp reduction in non-permanent residents, particularly international students, following federal caps introduced in 2024. As of Oct. 1, 2025, Canada’s population stood at 41,575,585, down 0.2 per cent from July.
Ontario experienced its largest population decline on record, losing nearly 67,000 people, while Ontario and B.C. recorded the biggest provincial decreases.
Statistics Canada said study permit holders fell by 73,682 nationally, with more than 47,000 of those losses in Ontario. Work and study permit holders declined by a further 67,616, while permanent immigration levels remained stable and asylum claims rose modestly.
Economists say the decline may ease pressure on housing, particularly rental markets, but could act as a headwind for long-term economic growth. Universities and colleges, especially in the GTA, are already facing program cuts, raising concerns about Canada’s competitiveness as a destination for international students.