Teenagers who use artificial intelligence tools to seek dieting advice may be receiving guidance that significantly underestimates their daily nutritional needs, according to a new study.
Researchers found that meal plans generated by AI platforms for teenagers attempting to lose weight recommended roughly 700 fewer calories per day than those suggested by professional dietitians. The findings were published in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition.
The study examined how several AI systems responded when asked to create weight-loss meal plans for teenagers. Researchers created profiles for four hypothetical 15-year-olds—two boys and two girls—classified as overweight or obese based on body mass index. Each AI model was asked to produce a three-day diet plan designed to help them lose weight.
The results showed that the AI-generated plans not only recommended significantly lower calorie intake but also suggested imbalanced nutrition levels. Protein and fat levels were often higher than recommended, while carbohydrate intake was typically lower than what human dietitians advised.
Lead researcher Ayşe Betül Bilen said such discrepancies could be concerning for adolescents because they are in a critical stage of growth and development.
Health experts say inaccurate nutrition guidance could lead to serious consequences if teens follow these plans for extended periods. Jason Nagata noted that teenagers require adequate nutrition to support physical growth, brain development and overall health.
Nagata warned that severe calorie deficits could affect heart function, brain health and long-term development. In extreme cases, teens who consistently consume too few calories may require medical intervention or hospitalization.
Experts also say restrictive diets can contribute to unhealthy weight-control behaviours and may increase the risk of eating disorders among adolescents.
The study comes as artificial intelligence tools are becoming increasingly popular among teenagers. Surveys show that nearly two-thirds of teens report using chatbots, with many turning to them for information on health, fitness and diet.
Researchers say the problem may stem from how generative AI systems gather information. These systems often rely on a wide range of online sources, some of which may include misinformation or unverified health advice.
Natalie Muth said AI tools may not distinguish effectively between scientifically validated advice and unsupported claims found online. Unlike health professionals, these systems typically respond to requests without questioning whether a user’s goals—such as rapid weight loss—are safe or appropriate.
Experts say artificial intelligence can still be a useful tool for general information, but it should not replace professional guidance when it comes to health decisions involving children or teenagers.
According to guidance from the American Academy of Pediatrics, teenage boys typically require around 2,800 calories per day, while teenage girls need about 2,200 calories on average. Even for teens trying to lose weight, health organizations recommend balanced meals and gradual lifestyle changes rather than severe calorie restriction.
Doctors advise families to consult pediatricians or registered dietitians if they have concerns about a teenager’s diet, growth or weight management, rather than relying solely on automated tools for nutrition advice.