A new national security report from Canadian Security Intelligence Service has identified China and India among the primary actors behind foreign interference and espionage activities targeting Canada, even as Prime Minister Mark Carney moves to rebuild diplomatic and economic ties with both nations.
The agency’s latest assessment of Canada’s security landscape for 2025 states that along with China and India, countries such as Russia, Iran and Pakistan also engaged in efforts to influence Canadian institutions, undermine democratic processes and access sensitive information. However, the report emphasizes that Beijing and New Delhi remain central to these concerns amid a rapidly evolving global geopolitical environment.
CSIS highlighted a notable shift in China’s tactics, pointing to the use of online job postings through front companies to recruit Canadians who may have access to proprietary or classified information. The agency warned that even individuals without direct access to sensitive data could unknowingly expose networks and contacts valuable to foreign intelligence services.
The report also outlines India’s efforts to build covert relationships within Canada, including connections with politicians, journalists and members of the Indo-Canadian community, aimed at advancing its strategic interests. It further raises concerns about alleged transnational repression tactics used to intimidate or silence critics abroad.
These findings come at a politically sensitive time, as Carney has recently taken steps to reset Canada’s relationship with both countries. His visit to Beijing earlier this year resulted in a new trade understanding, including reduced tariffs on certain goods, while a subsequent visit to India sparked debate after government officials suggested a shift in Ottawa’s stance on previous security concerns.
The CSIS report underscores that while most political advocacy within Canada — including movements such as Khalistan — remains lawful, authorities must remain vigilant against foreign attempts to exploit diaspora communities or interfere in domestic affairs.
Overall, the agency warns that foreign interference is becoming more sophisticated and widespread, requiring continued attention to protect Canada’s national security, democratic institutions and economic interests.